The key idea here is that food, water and energy are fundamental to human development and the changing demand and provision of resources in the UK creates opportunities and challenges. Students will also study how demand for water resources is rising globally but supply can be insecure, which may lead to conflict. They will be able to suggest different strategies that can be used to increase water supply.
Students will sit an assessed exam paper based on the requirements of their GCSE
intensive farming aimed at maximizing the amount of food produced
measurement of the greenhouse gases individuals produce, through burning fossil fuels
the progress of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of technology and human welfare
reducing energy consumption by using less energy and existing sources more efficiently
the range of energy sources of a region or country, both renewable and non-renewable
uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price
the distance covered supplying food to consumers
a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms
the process of extracting gas from gas shale where fluids at high pressure are injected to fracture the shale rock, allowing the gas to escape
recycled domestic waste water
goods and services bought by residents of a country from another country
food produced without the use of chemicals such as fertilisers and pesticides
a resource that cannot be exhausted, e.g. wind, solar and tidal energy
a stock or supply of something that has value or a purpose
control and monitoring of resources so that they do not become exhausted
a food intake below that needed to sustain a healthy life
when people do not eat enough nutrients to cover their needs for energy and growth, or to maintain a healthy immune system
when demand for water is greater than supply
measured in terms of the chemical, physical and biological content of the water
when the demand for water exceeds supply in a certain period, or when poor quality restricts its use
when the supply of water is greater than demand for water
matching supply with demand by moving water from an area with water surplus to another area with water deficit
underground water source
a small dam which diverts water away from a stream to irrigate fields, usually made of stones and lined with leaves to make it waterproof
a barrier built across a valley to interrupt river flow and create a man-made lake to store water and control river discharge
the process of removing salt from seawater to produce fresh water
a long, continuous period of dry weather
the process of water changing from liquid to vapour
recycled domestic waste water
freshwater source that is found beneath the Earths surface
regulation and control of water levels, pollution, ownership and use of groundwater
the basic equipment and structures (such as roads, utilities, water supply and sewage) that are needed for a country or region to function properly
artificial application of water to the land or soil
small earth dam for catching rainwater as a drinking water source, found in the Thar Desert, Pakistan
when groundwater is used more quickly than it is being replaced
irrigation channels that transfer water to the fields
rocks that allow water to pass through them
chemicals, noise, dirt or other substances which have harmful or poisonous effects on an environment
actions that meet the needs of the present without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their needs
underground storage systems about 3m in diameter and 3-4m deep which collect surface water from roofs
disputes between different regions or countries over the distribution and use of water
the preservation, control and development of water resources, both surface and groundwater, and prevention of pollution
when the demand for water is greater than the supply of water
when water availability is insufficient to ensure the good health and livelihood of a population, due to short supply or poor quality
the contamination of water by substances that are harmful or poisonous to the environment, and make water supplies unsuitable for drinking
measured in terms of the chemical, physical and biological content of the water
process of extracting and reusing useful substances found in waste
availability of a reliable source of acceptable quantity and quality of water
when the demand for water exceeds supply in a certain period, or when poor quality restricts its use
when the supply of water is greater than demand for water
matching supply with demand by moving water from an area with water surplus to another with water deficit
diseases like cholera and typhoid caused by microorganisms in contaminated water
Students consider how management of resources presents conflict at different scales.
Students consider how management of resources presents conflict at different scales. Understanding the dynamics of this conflict allows students to think and discuss with empathy.
This unit of work looks at how the natural world presents hazards to a range of different environments at different scales. They start with tectonic and geological hazards before moving into tropical storms. Finally, students consider the effects and impacts of extreme weather in the UK before looking at the bigger picture of climate change.
Students will sit a GCSE style paper for the section - approximately 33 marks including Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar.
steep-sided volcanoes found at constructive plate margins
two plates sliding alongside each other, in the same or different directions
tectonic plate margin where rising magma adds new material to plates that are diverging or moving apart
the low density, thick outer layer of Earth which forms our continents
circular movement of heat within Earth which drive the movement of tectonic plates
tectonic plate margin where two plates are converging and oceanic plate is subducted there could be violent earthquakes and explosive volcanoes
a sudden or violent movement within the Earths crust followed by a series of shocks
uplifted land that is crumpled by the collision of two plates
measurements taken at the surface of the Earth to detect changes below, such as detecting changes in gravity as magma rises to the surfaces
changes in the shape of volcanoes which is closely monitored to predict eruptions
where the Earths crust is thin so magma is able to break through the surface, forming volcanoes
the study of Earths water
reaction of people as the disaster happens and in the immediate aftermath
the movement of rock, earth or debris down the slope of a hill
magma that has erupted from a volcano
later reactions that occur in the weeks, months and years after the event
molten rock beneath the Earths surface
techniques of controlling, responding to, or dealing with an event
a hot, dense layer of Earth found between the crust and core
recording physical changes, i.e. detecting heat and shape changes of volcanoes using remote sensing, to help forecast when and where a natural hazard might strike
the dense, thin outer layer of Earth that lies underneath the ocean
actions taken to enable communities to respond to, and recover from, natural disasters
the border between two tectonic plates
using historical evidence and monitoring, scientists can make predictions about when and where a hazard may happen
initial impact of a natural event on people and property, caused directly by it, i.e. the buildings collapsing following an earthquake
actions taken before a hazard strikes to reduce its impact, such as educating people or improving building design
satellites detect heat and changes to a volcanos shape
an immediate response to a disaster where people are removed from danger and aid is provided
after-effects that occur as indirect impacts of a natural event, sometimes on a longer timescale, i.e. fires due to ruptured gas mains, resulting from the ground shaking
the frequency and distribution of earthquakes in a certain area, recorded by seismographs
broad, flat volcano with non-violent eruptions formed at constructive margins and at hot spots
at a destructive margin, where the denser oceanic plate moves beneath the less dense continental plate
natural hazard caused by the movement of tectonic plates (i.e. volcanoes and earthquakes)
section of the Earths crust about 100km thick
huge waves caused by earthquakes
distribution pattern of volcanoes that follows plate margins
an opening in the Earths crust from which lava, ash and gases erupt
Money, goods and services given by single governments or an organisation like the World Bank or IMF to help the quality of life and economy of another country
a highly complex mass of gases, liquids and solids that envelopes the Earth
section of Earths atmosphere where air moves in circular motions, together these form the overall circulation of Earths atmosphere
the average weather over a long period of time
a long-term change in the earth's climate, especially a change due to an increase in the average atmospheric temperature
the spinning effect caused by the rotation of the Earth
the term given to a tropical storm in south-east Asia and Australia
accommodation for people who have been evacuated from areas threatened by cyclones (tropical storms), often built from strong concrete and on stilts to prevent flooding
areas of low atmospheric pressure
the removal of silt deposited on the river bed to increase river capacity
a long, continuous period of dry weather
an imaginary line that divides Earths surface into a northern and southern hemisphere
movement of people away from danger to a place of safety
when a weather event is significantly different from the average or usual weather pattern, and is especially severe or unseasonal
a small area at the centre of a storm where relatively cold air descends rapidly
the outer edge of the eye of a storm where the most intense weather conditions occur
the predicted likelihood and frequency of floods in an area
where river discharge exceeds river channel capacity and water spills
the increase of global temperatures
a map reference that indicates a location using numbered vertical and horizontal lines that run up and down, and increase in value from bottom to top of the map
an extreme weather event of very high temperatures
the term given to a tropical storm in the USA and Caribbean
reaction of people as the disaster happens and in the immediate aftermath
a narrow ribbon of air in Earths atmosphere that encircles the globe, which create that cause weather systems to cross over the UK mainly from west to east
lines that run parallel to Earths Equator, measured in degrees
later reactions that occur in the weeks, months and years after the event
recording physical changes, i.e. tracking a tropical storm by satellite, to help forecast when and where a natural hazard might strike;
actions taken to enable communities to respond to, and recover from, natural disasters
using historical evidence and monitoring, scientists can make predictions about when and where a hazard may happen
zones of either high or low pressure that encircle the Earth between circulation cells
initial impact of a natural event on people and property, caused directly by it, i.e. the buildings collapsing following an earthquake
actions taken before a hazard strikes to reduce its impact, such as educating people or improving building design
scale used to measure the strength of hurricanes based on wind speed
after-effects that occur as indirect impacts of a natural event, sometimes on a longer timescale, i.e. fires due to ruptured gas mains, resulting from the ground shaking
a wall of water often 3-5 metres high, driven onshore by a tropical storm. The most destructive hazard associated with tropical storms
easterly winds that blow towards the Equator
an area of low pressure with winds moving in a spiral around a calm central point called the eye of the storm winds are powerful and rainfall is heavy
regions either side of the Equator where the Sun moves directly overhead from its farthest point in the North and the South
the day to day conditions of the atmosphere, for example, temperature, winds and rainfall
advance information that helps people prepare for potential threats and hazards
extreme weather events that pose a threat to humans and/or property
actions taken to adjust to natural events such as climate change, to reduce damage, limit the impacts, take advantage of opportunities, or cope with the consequences
sources of energy that are not produced from the burning of fossil fuels, such as hydro-electricity, nuclear power and solar power
a highly complex mass of gases, liquids and solids that envelopes the Earth
the angle of Earths axis
technology that captures CO2 produced from the burning of fossil fuels, which is compressed, transported and then injected underground into suitable geological reservoirs
the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere
a long-term change in the earth's climate, especially a change due to an increase in the average atmospheric temperature
the path of the Earth as it orbits the Sun
the increased effectiveness of the greenhouse effect, believed to be the cause of recent global warming
a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms
the increase of global temperatures
the blanketing effect of the atmosphere in retaining heat given off from the Earths surface
atmospheric gases such as carbon dioxide and methane that can absorb heat
columns of ice that are extracted from ice sheets and used to reconstruct temperature patterns from the past 400,000 years
three distinct cycles of Earths orbit around the Sun (Eccentricity, Precession, Axial tilt) which scientists believe affect the timings and seasons of Earths climate
action taken to reduce the long-term risk from natural hazards, such as earthquake-proof buildings or international agreements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
the natural wobble of Earths axis as it orbits around the Sun
the geological time period that covers the last 2.6 million years
a resource that cannot be exhausted, i.e. wind, solar and tidal energy
large explosions on the surface of the Sun
a dark patch that occasionally appears on the surface of the Sun
when volcanoes blast ash, gases and liquids onto the Earths surface and atmosphere
Students will understand how people are affected across the world through a range of different hazards.
Students will understand how the social and economic context of places affect the impact of hazards.
There are global variations in economic development and quality of life and students will study the various strategies that exist for reducing the global development gap. Some LICs and NEEs are experiencing rapid economic development which leads to significant social, environmental and cultural change. Students will also focus on how major changes in the economy of the UK have affected, and will continue to affect, employment patterns and regional growth.
Students will sit an assessed exam paper based on the requirements of their GCSE
when a country or non-governmental organization (NGO) donates resources to another country to help it develop or improve peoples lives
the number of births a year per 1000 of the total population
the number of deaths in a year per 1000 of the total population
when a country cannot pay its debts, often leading to calls to other countries for assistance
cancellation of debts to a country by a global organisation such as the World Bank
the proportion of people below (aged 0-14) and above (over 65) normal working age
the progress of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of technology and human welfare
difference in standards of living and wellbeing between the worlds richest and poorest countries
a person who is forced to move from home but stays in his/her country of origin
a person who moves voluntarily to seek a better life, such as a better-paid job or benefits like education and health care
nature tourism usually involving small groups with minimal impact on the environment
the migration of people out of a country
a life-threatening disease caused by parasites transmitted to people by infected mosquitoes
very small loans which are given to people in the LICs to help them start a small business
when people move from one area to another; in many LICS people move from rural to urban areas (ruralurban migration)
a series of consequences where one development makes another one possible, such as an increase in money available
the gap between birth rate and death rate
countries that have begun to experience high rates of economic development, usually along with rapid industrialization
an organization which is not part of a government, but provides important resources
a graph showing the age and sex of a population
the number of each sex in each age group, usually displayed in a population pyramid diagram
unprocessed raw materials extracted from the earth or agricultural products
producers in LICs given a better price for their goods such as cocoa, coffee and cotton
when countries do not use tariffs or quotas to restrict trade
measurement of economic activity calculated by dividing the gross (total) national income by the size of the population
the 38 countries with the largest amount of debt
a method of measuring development where GDP per capita, life expectancy and adult literacy are combined to give an overview
a person who moves into a country
the migration of people in to a country
the number of babies that die under a year of age, per 1000 live births
the basic equipment and structures (such as roads, utilities, water supply and sewage) that are needed for a country or region to function properly
simple, easily learned and maintained technology used in LICs for a range of economic activities
the action or process of putting in money, usually for profit
the average number of years a person is expected to live.
a sum of money borrowed to be paid back on agreed terms
actions that meet the needs of the present without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their needs
taxes or customs dues paid on imports
the commercial organisation of attracting non-resident people to areas of interest
buying and selling of goods and services between countries
countries which have grouped together to increase trade between them by cutting tariffs to discourage trade with non-members
how good a persons life measured by such things of housing and environment, access to education, healthcare, how secure people feel and how happy they are with their lifestyle
limits on the quantity of goods that can be imported
a person forced to move from his/her country of origin as a result of civil war or a natural disaster such as an earthquake
an organization of 54 countries formed to encourage co-operation between African nations
an even balance between the employment sectors which form a countrys economy
trading group of West and Central African countries bordering the Sahara Desert
growing crops or raising livestock for profit, often involving vast areas of land
a voluntary association of 53 independent and equal sovereign states, most being former British colonies
the cutting down and removal of forest
long-term support given by charities, governments and multi-lateral organisations, which aims to improve quality of life
a trading group of West African countries
short-term aid that takes the form of food, water, medical supplies and shelter
the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year
a method of measuring development where GDP per capita, life expectancy and adult literacy are combined to give an overview
relative proportion of the workforce employed in different sectors of the economy
money, goods and services given by single governments or an organisation like the World Bank or IMF to help the quality of life and economy of another country
the average number of years a person is expected to live
making goods by processing raw materials
extraction of raw materials from the ground
countries that have begun to experience high rates of economic development, usually along with rapid industrialisation
the accidental leakage of oil from rigs or refineries into the surrounding area, resulting in severe environmental damage and pollution
aims to stabilise the price of oil and ensure a regular supply
unprocessed raw materials extracted from the earth or agricultural products
employment sector that includes farming, mining and other related activities
how good a persons life is as measured by such things as quality of housing and environment, access to education, health care, security and levels of happiness
employment sector that involves manufacturing
employment sector that includes service industries, such as health care, offices, financial services and retailing
a company that has operations (factories, offices, research and development, shops) in more than one country
an area of land occupied by a number of businesses
association that represents Commonwealth countries and provides advice on a range of issues, aiming to help governments achieve sustainable, inclusive and equitable development
the Commonwealth is a voluntary association of 53 independent and equal sovereign states, most being former British colonies
the values and beliefs of a particular society or group of people
the decline of a country's traditional manufacturing industry due to exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets and overseas competition
a scheme supported by the government to encourage new businesses and new jobs in areas where there were no pre-existing businesses
a politico-economic union of a number of European countries
goods and service sold by a country and bought by another country
industries that involve the extraction of raw materials, such as mining and quarrying
the management of money within the service sector, including banking, insurance, securities dealing, and fund management
the transport of goods in bulk by lorries, train, ship or aircraft
a collection of scientific and technical knowledge-based businesses located on a single site
employment sector that involves manufacturing
actions that meet the needs of the present without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their needs
process creating a more connected world, with increases in the global movements of goods (trade) and people (migration & tourism)
goods and services bought by residents of a country from another country
computer, internet, mobile phone and satellite technologies
the basic equipment and structures (such as roads, utilities, water supply and sewage) that are needed for a country or region to function properly
voluntary partnerships between local authorities and businesses that aim to identify the business needs in the local areas and encourage companies to invest
making goods by processing raw materials
when people move from one area to another; in many LICS people move from rural to urban areas (ruralurban migration)
economic and cultural differences between southern England and the rest of the UK
the number of each sex in each age group, usually displayed in a population pyramid diagram
the shift of some HIC economies from producing goods to providing services
employment sector that includes farming, mining and other related activities
employment sector that includes jobs in hi-tech industries, research, information technology and the media
employment sector that includes service industries, such as health care, offices, financial services and retailing
buying and selling of goods and services between countries
countries which have grouped together to increase trade between them by cutting tariffs to discourage trade with non-members
industries such as coal mining, engineering and manufacturing
Students must consider that people have different starting points in life.
Students consider their own starting points and how these may impact them.
The Geographical applications unit is designed to be synoptic in that students will be required to draw together knowledge, understanding and skills from the full course of study. It is an opportunity for students to show their breadth of understanding and an evaluative appreciation of the interrelationships between different aspects of geographical study. This section contributes a critical thinking and problem-solving element to the assessment structure. The assessment will provide students with the opportunity to demonstrate geographical skills and applied knowledge and understanding by looking at a particular issue(s) derived from the specification using secondary sources.
Students will sit an assessed exam paper based on the requirements of their GCSE
Students consider how to resolve conflict from multiple perspectives at a range of scales.
Students consider the complexity of arguments and learn how to inhibit judgement based on partial knowledge of situations.
Students will practice exam techniques and skills whilst revising the Geography content, in preparation for their GCSE exams.
Students will sit multiple assessed exam papers based on the requirements of their GCSE
Students learn to revise in a supportive environment to promote independence.
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